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Thomas More

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Introduction

Thomas More (1478-1535) was a renowned English lawyer, philosopher, statesman, and writer who is best known for his defense of King Henry VIII's actions in the English Reformation. Born into a noble family, More was educated at Oxford University and later became a prominent figure in the Church. His writings and ideas continue to influence Western philosophy and politics.

Key Facts

  • Early Life: Thomas More was born on September 7, 1478, in London.
  • Education: He attended Christ's College, Cambridge, before studying law at Lincoln's Inn.
  • Career: More was a successful lawyer and jurist who served as Lord Chancellor of England from 1529 to 1532.
  • Politics: He played a key role in the English Reformation, supporting King Henry VIII and opposing Thomas Cranmer.
  • Writing: More wrote many influential works, including "Utopia" and "The History of Tithes".
  • Death: He died on January 6, 1535.

Historical Context

The Tudor Period

Thomas More was a prominent figure during the reign of King Henry VIII (1509–1547), who sought to assert his authority over England. This period saw significant events including the English Reformation and the establishment of the Church of England.

  • The English Reformation: Henry VIII broke away from Rome, establishing the Church of England with himself as its head.
  • Tudor Dynasty: The Tudors ruled England for nearly 200 years, marked by periods of prosperity and decline.

The Influence of Renaissance Humanism

Thomas More was heavily influenced by humanist ideas that emphasized classical learning, individual rights, and civic virtue. This movement had a profound impact on his writings and politics.

  • Renaissance Humanism: Thinkers like Petrarch and Boccaccio promoted the study of classical texts and the importance of education.
  • Medieval Reforms: More's advocacy for education and civic engagement reflect the Renaissance humanist ideals.

Significant Contributions

Defense of Henry VIII

More played a crucial role in defending King Henry VIII against accusations of heresy. His defense helped to solidify his reputation as a defender of the faith.

Influence on the Church of England

Thomas More's writings and advocacy for Catholicism contributed significantly to the development of the Church of England.

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